Hi Friends,
How are you,
I am your blogger Manisha,
Welcome to My Blog Healthy mann ki baat...
Today we will discuss about coronavirus .
corona virus
belongs to a family of viruses responsible for diseases that range in severity from the common cold to SARS . The WHO ( world health organisation ) has declared the outbreak a Global health emergency . A newly identified virus that emerged late last year in the central Chinese city of Wuhan, causing an explosive outbreak of sometimes fatal Pneumonia,has become a global health emergency. The culprit is a so called coronavirus dubbed 2019-n- Cov, 2019 Novel Coronavirus.
On Jan 30, 2020 The WHO declared the 2019-n-Cov outbreak a global health emergency. it belongs to a family of viruses responsible for diseases that range in severity from the common cold to severe acute respiratory syndrome or SARS, Which killed almost 800 people in a 2003 outbreak.
1. What is a Coronavirus?:------ Coronavirus are named for their crown like shape. There's large family of them. Some transmit easily from person to person, while others do not.
There's growing recognition of the role of Coronavirus in severe cases of pneumonia. The world health organisation says that new one emerge periodically around the globe, and several known versions are circulating in animals and
haven't infected humans. Theytend to morph and mutate,which means the level of risk they pose can change the larger they circulate in a humans.
2.. What makes this Virus so Bad ? :----- It has been described as insidious, because a large portion of infected people are well enough to go about their daily business, potentially spreading it to others. In just two months, the number of confermed cases surpassed the 8096 SARS cases recorded in that entire epidemic, which ran more than a year. Some diseases modelling experts projects there are likely 75000 or more actual cases, as accurate counts from overwhelmed areas, especially Wuhan and the surrounding Hubei province are difficult to come by partly due to a shortage of tests. As of early February the apparent mortality rate was about two parsent, lower than SARS, but such numbers are unreliable in the early stage of an outbreak. While many patients have required intensive care, it's likely the virus has caused only mild or no symptoms in many others people.
3. How do people contact with the virus?:----Most likely by coming into contact with virus containing droplets that could be emmitted by an infected person's cough and transferred to their hands or surfaces and objects. There's a theoretical risk that it could spread through fine aerosol particles and feces.
People who are still incubating the virus and show no symptoms may spread it. One apparent case in Germany was undermined later by new evidence, but there have been other reports in China, Including that of a seemingly healthy 10 years old boy who apparently passed it to family members. Even if there are rare instances of asymptomatic transmission, however,it is unlikely to become a major factor in the spread. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease in the U.S, told reporters on Jan.28.
4. How does this compare with other outbreaks?:------ It is similar in its genetic makeup to the SARS virus but appears clinically milder in terms of severity and fatality rate, with SARS about 9% of reported cases died. A related virus, known as MERS-COV, that has been spreading since 2012, has led to death in 34% of the 2499 cases recorded. By contrast, an estimated 50 million people died in the 1918 influenza pandemic that had a case fatality ratio of less than 5% but infected up to a third of the world's population.
5. What does the Virus do?:----- Infections appears to cause a mild illness in children, adolescent and young adults and more severe disease in older people. Frequently reported early signs are fever, dry cough, tiredness, sneezing and runny nose typical of a cold. Studies suggest the virus invades cells in the lower respiratory tract and migrates from there to the Lungs, causing difficulty breathing and inflammation and congestion associated with pneumonia. In an early study, more than a quarter of hospitalized patients developed a potentially fatal complication known as acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Septic shock, respiratory failure and the failure of other organs have also been seen. Many of the fatalities have been in patients with underlying illnesses such as Cardiovascular disease.
6. How Infectious is it?:----- Epidemiologists try to gauge contagiousness by estimating the number of new cases a person who infected is likely to generate . That measurement called a basic reproduction number is one indicator of how difficult an epidemic is to control . The preliminary reproduction number of 2019 - N COV is 1.4 to 2.5 , according to the WHO meaning that every case could infect 1.4 to 2.5 people . NEIL FERGUSON , renowned for his work measuring the spread of emerging infectious diseases , and his colleagues at Imperial collage londan estimated the number for 2019 - N COV to be 2.6 , making it similar to SARS and more infectious than flu . If that's correct , controlling the outbreak would require preventing at least 60% of cases from spreading to another person.
7. where did it come from?:-------The virus emerged in early December in Wuhan an industrial city of 11 million. Early attention focused on a seafood market where live animals were also sold, but about 13 of the first 41 cases were found to have no link to it.
Maria Van Kerkhove, head of the outbreak investigation task force at the institute Pasteur and an adviser to the WHO,said animal tests at the market come back negative, while some environmental samples were positive.The viral genome has been sequenced, and these results in conjunction with other reports show that 2019- nCOV is 75% to 80% identical to SARS -COV and even more closely related to several Coronaviruses found in bats. Diseases transmissible from animals to human, sometimes referred to as " Zoonoses", comprise a large percentage of all newly identified Infectious Diseases.
8. How worried should I be?:------ The U.S State department has advised people not to travel to China and said those already in the country should consider leaving. Honkong, the international financial center that functions with some autonomy from China. announced it own travel restrictions from the main land.
The U.S, Australia, India and other countries were denying or restricting entry for non citizens arriving from China in an attempt to "shut down" the virus spread , although the WHO has called such measures unnecessary.
Relatively few cases have been reported outside China. But in Hubei thousands of people have been hospitalized in isolation wards and hundreds are being treated in intensive care units, creating what officials there have described an" extreme, severe and abrupt public health crisis."
9. What are authorities doing?:----- The WHO has declared the outbreaks a global health emergency, a designation that can help mobilize international response , provide more resources and focus government attention. China's government imposed a quarantine Wuhan and more than a dozen other cities in the region , a travel ban covering in excess of 50 million people.
Authorities dispatched medical personnel from the military to help out at hospitals and even built new ones from the ground up in days. Patients were isolated to prevent any spread. Health officers are looking for, screening and monitoring people the patients had contact with. School holidays have been extended and work from home orders issued.
Anyone caught spreading misinformation was subject to criminal charges in some Asian countries.
10. Will drugs and vaccine be available?:----- Researchers and Drugs companies are scrambling to develop vaccines and treatments to fight the new Coronavirus that emerged in central China in December and has spread to more than two dozen countries, killing more than 2000 people.
There are no proven treatment for the virus and experts say it could take a year or more to have a vaccine ready. The hope is that strict quarantines in China and elsewhere will contain the virus spread long enough for scientists to develop tools to fight it.
The U.S National Institute of Health has started work using a platform developed by U.S Biotech Moderna Inc(MRNA.O). Scientists at the University of Queensland in Australia and Inovio pharmaceuticals Inc (INO.O) are using a different platform. Novavax Inc ( NVAX.O), which said it created a vaccine candidate for Ebola within 90 days of release of the genetic sequence,has also announced work on a Coronavirus vaccine.
Large pharmaceuticals companies Including Sanofi ( SASY.PA) and Johnson and Johnson (JNJ.N) also are working on Coronavirus vaccine, with backing from the U.S Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA).
In China officials are trying multiple vaccine candidates, Including newer DNA and RNA vaccine approaches and a recombinant protein vaccine in which scientists replicate the proteins on the surface of the virus. Sanofi is using a similar method.
To speed access to treatment, researchers are repurposing a number of existing drugs in hope of finding something that work against the new virus.
Thanks .....
Be Hygiene Be Healthy......
How are you,
I am your blogger Manisha,
Welcome to My Blog Healthy mann ki baat...
Today we will discuss about coronavirus .
corona virus
1. What is a Coronavirus?:------ Coronavirus are named for their crown like shape. There's large family of them. Some transmit easily from person to person, while others do not.
There's growing recognition of the role of Coronavirus in severe cases of pneumonia. The world health organisation says that new one emerge periodically around the globe, and several known versions are circulating in animals and
haven't infected humans. Theytend to morph and mutate,which means the level of risk they pose can change the larger they circulate in a humans.
2.. What makes this Virus so Bad ? :----- It has been described as insidious, because a large portion of infected people are well enough to go about their daily business, potentially spreading it to others. In just two months, the number of confermed cases surpassed the 8096 SARS cases recorded in that entire epidemic, which ran more than a year. Some diseases modelling experts projects there are likely 75000 or more actual cases, as accurate counts from overwhelmed areas, especially Wuhan and the surrounding Hubei province are difficult to come by partly due to a shortage of tests. As of early February the apparent mortality rate was about two parsent, lower than SARS, but such numbers are unreliable in the early stage of an outbreak. While many patients have required intensive care, it's likely the virus has caused only mild or no symptoms in many others people.
3. How do people contact with the virus?:----Most likely by coming into contact with virus containing droplets that could be emmitted by an infected person's cough and transferred to their hands or surfaces and objects. There's a theoretical risk that it could spread through fine aerosol particles and feces.
People who are still incubating the virus and show no symptoms may spread it. One apparent case in Germany was undermined later by new evidence, but there have been other reports in China, Including that of a seemingly healthy 10 years old boy who apparently passed it to family members. Even if there are rare instances of asymptomatic transmission, however,it is unlikely to become a major factor in the spread. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease in the U.S, told reporters on Jan.28.
4. How does this compare with other outbreaks?:------ It is similar in its genetic makeup to the SARS virus but appears clinically milder in terms of severity and fatality rate, with SARS about 9% of reported cases died. A related virus, known as MERS-COV, that has been spreading since 2012, has led to death in 34% of the 2499 cases recorded. By contrast, an estimated 50 million people died in the 1918 influenza pandemic that had a case fatality ratio of less than 5% but infected up to a third of the world's population.
5. What does the Virus do?:----- Infections appears to cause a mild illness in children, adolescent and young adults and more severe disease in older people. Frequently reported early signs are fever, dry cough, tiredness, sneezing and runny nose typical of a cold. Studies suggest the virus invades cells in the lower respiratory tract and migrates from there to the Lungs, causing difficulty breathing and inflammation and congestion associated with pneumonia. In an early study, more than a quarter of hospitalized patients developed a potentially fatal complication known as acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Septic shock, respiratory failure and the failure of other organs have also been seen. Many of the fatalities have been in patients with underlying illnesses such as Cardiovascular disease.
6. How Infectious is it?:----- Epidemiologists try to gauge contagiousness by estimating the number of new cases a person who infected is likely to generate . That measurement called a basic reproduction number is one indicator of how difficult an epidemic is to control . The preliminary reproduction number of 2019 - N COV is 1.4 to 2.5 , according to the WHO meaning that every case could infect 1.4 to 2.5 people . NEIL FERGUSON , renowned for his work measuring the spread of emerging infectious diseases , and his colleagues at Imperial collage londan estimated the number for 2019 - N COV to be 2.6 , making it similar to SARS and more infectious than flu . If that's correct , controlling the outbreak would require preventing at least 60% of cases from spreading to another person.
7. where did it come from?:-------The virus emerged in early December in Wuhan an industrial city of 11 million. Early attention focused on a seafood market where live animals were also sold, but about 13 of the first 41 cases were found to have no link to it.
Maria Van Kerkhove, head of the outbreak investigation task force at the institute Pasteur and an adviser to the WHO,said animal tests at the market come back negative, while some environmental samples were positive.The viral genome has been sequenced, and these results in conjunction with other reports show that 2019- nCOV is 75% to 80% identical to SARS -COV and even more closely related to several Coronaviruses found in bats. Diseases transmissible from animals to human, sometimes referred to as " Zoonoses", comprise a large percentage of all newly identified Infectious Diseases.
8. How worried should I be?:------ The U.S State department has advised people not to travel to China and said those already in the country should consider leaving. Honkong, the international financial center that functions with some autonomy from China. announced it own travel restrictions from the main land.
The U.S, Australia, India and other countries were denying or restricting entry for non citizens arriving from China in an attempt to "shut down" the virus spread , although the WHO has called such measures unnecessary.
Relatively few cases have been reported outside China. But in Hubei thousands of people have been hospitalized in isolation wards and hundreds are being treated in intensive care units, creating what officials there have described an" extreme, severe and abrupt public health crisis."
9. What are authorities doing?:----- The WHO has declared the outbreaks a global health emergency, a designation that can help mobilize international response , provide more resources and focus government attention. China's government imposed a quarantine Wuhan and more than a dozen other cities in the region , a travel ban covering in excess of 50 million people.
Authorities dispatched medical personnel from the military to help out at hospitals and even built new ones from the ground up in days. Patients were isolated to prevent any spread. Health officers are looking for, screening and monitoring people the patients had contact with. School holidays have been extended and work from home orders issued.
Anyone caught spreading misinformation was subject to criminal charges in some Asian countries.
10. Will drugs and vaccine be available?:----- Researchers and Drugs companies are scrambling to develop vaccines and treatments to fight the new Coronavirus that emerged in central China in December and has spread to more than two dozen countries, killing more than 2000 people.
The U.S National Institute of Health has started work using a platform developed by U.S Biotech Moderna Inc(MRNA.O). Scientists at the University of Queensland in Australia and Inovio pharmaceuticals Inc (INO.O) are using a different platform. Novavax Inc ( NVAX.O), which said it created a vaccine candidate for Ebola within 90 days of release of the genetic sequence,has also announced work on a Coronavirus vaccine.
In China officials are trying multiple vaccine candidates, Including newer DNA and RNA vaccine approaches and a recombinant protein vaccine in which scientists replicate the proteins on the surface of the virus. Sanofi is using a similar method.
To speed access to treatment, researchers are repurposing a number of existing drugs in hope of finding something that work against the new virus.
Thanks .....
Be Hygiene Be Healthy......
